Record medium, recording method for record medium, output controlling method, reproducing apparatus, record and reproduction controlling method, recording method, record and reproduction method, and recording and/or reproducing method

ABSTRACT

A recording method for embedding in a record medium many types of management information corresponding to many types of record media as additional information added to content data that is recorded on the record medium, performing a first encoding process for the content data to which the additional information has been embedded, performing a second encoding process for the many types of management information; and modulating the content data of which the first encoding process has been performed and the many types of management information of which the second encode process has been performed.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/031,023, filed Jan. 14, 2002, which claims priority toPCT/JP01/04105, filed May 17, 2001, which claims priority toJP2000-196897, filed Jun. 29, 2000, and JP2000-146774, filed May 18,2000, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein byreference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a record medium on which data of acontent has been recorded, a recording method for a record medium, anoutput controlling method, a reproducing apparatus, a record andreproduction controlling method, a recording method, a recording andreproducing method, and a recording and/or reproducing method, inparticular, to those for protecting the data of the content.

BACKGROUND ART

To protect the copyright of data of an audio content and a video contentthat are recorded to a record medium, a watermark of which copymanagement information as additional information is superimposed andembedded to the data of the contents has been developed. To accomplishsuch a watermark, a method for spreading a spectrum of additionalinformation using spectrum spreading and superimposing the spreadspectrum to data of a content, a method for inserting additionalinformation into a low order bit of a signal or a high order coefficientof compressed data, a method for inserting additional information usingmasking effect so that the additional information does not affect acontent, a method for inserting additional information into a first peakor a second peak of a predetermined range or the vicinity thereof, andso forth are known.

As copy management information for protecting copyright, for a musiccontent, SCMS (Serial Copy Management System) is used. On the otherhand, for a video content, CGMS (Copy Generation Management System) isused. The largest difference between the SCMS and the CGMS is in thatthe former can prohibit an original content from being copied. Thus, aprivate copy operation can be rejected.

As shown in FIG. 1, using the copy management information of the SCMScomposed of two bits, a copy operation is managed. Using the copymanagement information of the SCMS, not only a copy free designation anda copy prohibition designation, but a copy generation management can beperformed.

In other words, as shown in FIG. 1, using the copy managementinformation of the SCMS composed of two bits, copy operations aremanaged. When the SCMS is (0, 0), it represents that a copy operationcan be freely performed. When the SCMS is (0, 1), it represents that acopy operation can be performed in one generation. When the SCMS is (1,1), it represents that a copy operation is prohibited. In other words,when the SCMS is (0, 1), although an original record medium can becopied, the copied record medium is prohibited from being copied.

As was described above, to protect copyright, a technology of which copymanagement information is recorded as a watermark has been proposed. Ascopy management information, the copy management information of the SCMScan be used. Using the copy management information of the SCMS, not onlya copy free designation and a copy prohibition designation, but a copygeneration management can be performed.

However, when a copy generation management is performed using the SCMS,it is necessary to rewrite the copy management information. For example,when copy management information SCMS of an original record medium is(0, 1), a copy operation can be performed in one generation. Thus, wheninformation of the original record medium is copied to another recordmedium, it is necessary to rewrite the copy management information SCMSfrom (0, 1) to (1, 1).

Additional information as a watermark that is superimposed and recordedto data of a content by spectrum spreading or the like. Thus, additionalinformation recorded as a watermark cannot be easily rewritten. Thus,when conventional SCMS as copy management information inserted as awatermark is used, it becomes difficult to manage a copy operation inone generation.

In the copy managing system of the SCMS, if information of an originalrecord medium is directly copied to another record medium, the copymanagement information of the SCMS is directly copied to the otherrecord medium. For example, when the copy management information SCMS ofthe original record medium is (0, 1), if information of the originalrecord medium is directly copied to another record medium, the copymanagement information SCMS of the copied record medium becomes (0, 1).Thus, the copied record medium can be further copied to other recordmediums.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a recordmedium, a recording method for a record medium, an output controllingmethod, a reproducing apparatus, a record and reproduction controllingmethod, a recording method, a recording and reproducing method, and arecording and/or reproducing method that allow a copy operation in aplurality of generations, a reproducing operation, and a chargingoperation to be easily managed.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is a record medium for recording a plurality oftypes of management information provided corresponding to a plurality oftypes of record mediums along with data of a content.

The present invention is a recording method for a record medium,comprising the steps of:

embedding a plurality of types of management information providedcorresponding to a plurality of types of record mediums as additionalinformation to data of a content that is recorded;

performing a first encoding process for the data of the content to whichthe additional information has been embedded;

performing a second encoding process for the plurality of types ofmanagement information; and

modulating the data of the content of which the first encode process hasbeen performed and the plurality of types of management information ofwhich the second encode process has been performed.

The present invention is a recording method for a record medium,comprising the steps of:

determining the type of a record medium to which a plurality of types ofmanagement information provided corresponding to a plurality of types ofrecord mediums have been recorded along with data of a content; and

controlling a recording operation for the data of the content that hasbeen read from the record medium corresponding to the managementinformation selected corresponding to the determined result of therecord medium in the plurality of types of management information.

The present invention is an output controlling method, comprising thesteps of:

reading data of a content and a plurality of types of managementinformation from a record medium, the plurality of types of managementinformation provided corresponding to a plurality of types of recordmediums being embedded to the data of the content, the plurality oftypes of management information being recoded in a predetermined area ofthe record medium;

extracting the plurality of types of management information from thedata of the content that is read from the record medium;

collating the plurality of types of management information that areextracted with the plurality of types of management information that areread from the record medium; and

controlling an output of the data of the content that is readcorresponding to the collated result.

The present invention is a reproducing apparatus for a record medium,comprising:

a reading portion for reading data of a content and a plurality of typesof management information from the record medium, the plurality of typesof management information provided corresponding to a plurality of typesof record mediums being embedded to the data of the content, theplurality of types of management information being recoded in apredetermined area of the record medium;

an extracting portion for extracting the plurality of types ofmanagement information from the data of the content that is read fromthe record medium by the reading portion;

a collating portion for collating the plurality of types of managementinformation that are extracted by the extracting portion with theplurality of types of management information that are read from therecord medium by the reading portion; and

an output controlling portion for controlling an output of the data ofthe content that is read corresponding to the collated result by thecollating portion.

The present invention is a record and reproduction controlling methodfor a record medium, comprising the steps of:

reading data of a content and a plurality of types of managementinformation from a record medium, the plurality of types of managementinformation provided corresponding to a plurality of types of recordmediums being embedded as additional information to the data of thecontent, the plurality of types of management information being recodedin a predetermined area of the record medium;

extracting the additional information from the data of the content thatis read from the record medium;

collating the plurality of types of management information that arecontained in the extracted additional information with the plurality oftypes of management information that are read from the record medium;and

controlling an output of the data of the content that is readcorresponding to the collated result.

The present invention is a recording method, comprising the steps of:

determining the type of a record medium, a plurality of types ofmanagement information provided corresponding to types of record mediumsbeing recorded to the record medium along with data of a content, theplurality of types of management information containing copy managementinformation;

determining whether or not the record medium is an original recordmedium corresponding to the management information that is read from therecord medium and the determined result of the type of the record mediumat the first determining step; and

when the determined result at the first determining step represents thatthe record medium is an original record medium, controlling a recordingoperation for the data of the content that is read from the recordmedium to another record medium corresponding to the copy managementinformation.

The present invention is a recording method, comprising the steps of:

determining the type of a record medium, a plurality of types ofmanagement information provided corresponding to a plurality of types ofrecord mediums being recorded on the record medium, the plurality oftypes of management information containing identification information,copy generation information, and copy management information;

determining whether or not the record medium is an original recordmediums corresponding to the management information that is read fromthe record medium and the determined result of the type of the recordmedium at the first determining step; and

when the determined result at the second determining step representsthat the record medium is an original record medium, advancing thegeneration of the copy generation information by one and controlling arecording operation for recording the data of the content that is readthe record medium to another record medium corresponding to the copymanagement information.

The present invention is a recording and reproducing method, comprisingthe steps of:

determining the type of a record medium, a plurality of types ofmanagement information provided corresponding to a plurality of types ofrecord mediums being recorded on the record medium, the plurality oftypes of management information containing copy generation informationand copy management information;

determining whether or not the record medium is an original recordmediums corresponding to the management information that is read fromthe record medium and the determined result of the type of the recordmedium at the first determining step;

when the determined result at the second determining step representsthat the record medium is an original record medium, reproducing therecord medium corresponding to the management information; and

advancing the generation of the copy generation information by one andcontrolling a recording operation for recording the data of the contentthat is read from the record medium to another record mediumcorresponding to the copy management information.

The present invention is a recording method, comprising the steps of:

identifying the type of a record medium, the record medium having anidentification portion used to identify the type of the record medium,at least first management information for reproduction-only recordmedium and second management information for recordable record mediumsbeing recorded to the record medium along with data of a content; and

controlling a recording operation for recording the data of the contentthat is read from the record medium along with the first managementinformation and the second management information to another recordmedium corresponding to the first management information, when thedetermined result of the type of the record medium at the determiningstep represents that the record medium is a reproduction-only recordmedium, and a recording operation for recoding the data of the contentthat is read from the record medium along with the first managementinformation and the second management information to the other recordmedium corresponding to the second management information, when thedetermined result of the type of the record medium at the determiningstep represents that the record medium is a recordable record medium.

The present invention is a recording and/or reproducing method,comprising the steps of:

determining the type of a record medium, the record medium having anidentification portion used to identify the type thereof, managementinformation containing at least identification information, copygeneration information, and copy management information being recoded tothe record medium along with data of a content;

determining whether or not the record medium is an original recordmedium corresponding to the identified result of the record medium andat least the identification information and the copy generationinformation that are read from the record medium; and

controlling a recording operation and/or a reproducing operation for therecord medium corresponding to the determined result at the seconddetermining step.

The present invention is a record medium having an identificationportion used to identify the type thereof, data of a content beingrecorded to the record medium, a plurality of management informationprovided corresponding to a plurality of types of record mediums beingembedded as additional information to the data of the content, theplurality of types of management information being recorded in apredetermined area of the record medium.

Copy management information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and copymanagement information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums arepre-recorded to a record medium at a time. When the record medium thatis reproduced is a read-only record medium, a copy operation iscontrolled corresponding to the copy management information SCMS-P forread-only record mediums. In contrast, when the record medium that isreproduced is a recordable record medium, a copy operation is controlledcorresponding to the copy management information SCMS-R for recordablerecord mediums.

Data of many contents is distributed with read-only record mediums suchas CD and CD-ROM. A copy operation that results in a problem from a viewpoint of copyright protection is a copy operation from a read-onlyrecord medium such as CD or CD-ROM to a recordable record medium such asCD-R or CD-RW.

Thus, when an original record medium is a read-only record medium, (0,0) is written as copy management information SCMS-P for read-only recordmediums, and (1, 1) is written as copy management information SCMS-R forrecordable record mediums, since copy management information SCMS-P forread-only record mediums is (0, 1), the original record medium can becopied to a recordable record medium as a first generation copy. As to asecond generation copy, the recordable record medium is copied toanother recordable record medium. In this case, since the copymanagement information SCMS-R is (1, 1), it represents that a copyoperation is prohibited, the copy operation is prohibited. In such amanner, a copy free designation, a one generation copy designation, anda copy prohibition designation can be performed. In addition, when theone generation copy designation is performed, it is not necessary torewrite the copy management information.

In addition, when original type information recorded on the recordmedium is different from the type of the real record medium and therebyit is determined that the record medium has been copied, since it can beassumed that a copy operation has been performed in at least onegeneration, a copy operation is managed supposing that copy managementinformation of which the copy generation is advanced by one is new copymanagement information. Thus, without need to rewrite the copymanagement information, a copy generation can be managed.

Thus, assuming that whenever a copy operation is performed, copymanagement information and copy generation information are rewrittencorresponding to a predetermined rule, the original type informationrecorded on the record medium is different from the type of the realrecord medium. When it has been determined that the record medium is acopied record medium, the copy management information and the copygeneration information are forcedly rewritten corresponding to thepredetermined rule. Thus, copied record mediums that do not comply withthe predetermined rule are not distributed. Thus, the copyright can beprotected.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining conventional copymanagement information;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of the structure of arecording apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining a copy control using arecord medium according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of the structure of areproducing apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram for explaining the example of the reproducingapparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram for explaining the example of the reproducingapparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram for explaining a copy control using arecord medium according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram for explaining copy managementinformation;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram for explaining copy managementinformation;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram for explaining reproduction managementinformation;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram for explaining reproduction managementinformation;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram for explaining an example of a managementfor a plurality of generations;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram for explaining an example of a managementfor a plurality of devices;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram for explaining an example of a managementfor a plurality of devices;

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a record format ofadditional information recorded as a watermark;

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a recordformat of additional information recorded as a watermark;

FIG. 17 is a flow chart for explaining another embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 18 is a flow chart for explaining another embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a recordformat of additional information recorded as a watermark;

FIG. 20 is a flow chart for explaining another embodiment of the presentinvention; and

FIG. 21 is a flow chart for explaining another embodiment of the presentinvention.

BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Next, with reference to the accompanying drawings, embodiments of thepresent invention will be described. According to a first embodiment ofthe present invention, a plurality of types of copy managementinformation are provided corresponding to types of record mediums. Theplurality of types of copy management information corresponding to typesof record mediums are recorded on one record medium at a time. Using theplurality of types of copy management information corresponding to typesof record mediums, a copy operation is controlled.

As record mediums, read-only record mediums such as CD (Compact Disc)format optical discs and CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory) formatoptical discs and recordable record mediums such as CD-R (Compact DiscRecordable) format discs and CD-RW (Compact Disc Rewritable) formatdiscs are used. Corresponding to these types of record mediums, copymanagement information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums such as CDand CD-ROM and copy management information SCMS-R for recordable recordmediums such as CD-R and CD-RW are provided.

Record mediums such as CD and CD-ROM can be treated as reproduction-onlyrecord mediums because pits are formed by injection molding. Incontrast, record mediums such as CD-R and CD-RW can be treated asrecordable record mediums because data is optically recorded by anoptical pickup.

The copy management information SCMS-P and copy management informationSCMS-R can be recorded in the following methods.

(1) as additional information as a watermark, superimposed by spectrumspreading, inserted into a low order bit, inserted into a high ordercoefficient of compressed data of a content, inserted using maskingeffect so that it does not exist in a content, or inserted into a firstpeak or a second peak in a predetermined range or the vicinity thereof.

(2) recorded in a predetermined data area such as a sub code or aheader.

(3) recorded in a predetermined physical area of a record medium such asa lead-in area or an area in which so-called TOC data is recorded.

The copy management information SCMS-P and copy management informationSCMS-R may be recorded by one of the methods (1) to (3). Alternatively,they may be recorded by all the methods (1) to (3). Furtheralternatively, they may be recorded by some of the methods (1) to (3).

Record mediums such as CD and CD-ROM that are distributed and sold arequantitatively produced by using stampers created based on a masterdisc. The master disc and CD and CD-ROM are produced by known methods.

FIG. 2 shows the structure of a recording apparatus in the case that amaster disc is produced. As shown in FIG. 2, when a master disc isproduced, data of a content is supplied to an input terminal 1. The copymanagement information SCMS-P and the copy management information SCMS-Rare supplied to input terminals 2 and 3, respectively. The data of thecontent that is input to the input terminal 1 is supplied to an encoder4. The encoder 4 encodes the data of the content with error correctioncode.

The copy management information SCMS-P and the copy managementinformation SCMS-R that are input from the input terminal 3 are suppliedto a watermark generating circuit 7. The watermark generating circuit 7places the copy management information SCMS-P and the copy managementinformation SCMS-R in additional information as a watermark. An outputof the watermark generating circuit 7 is superimposed with the data ofthe content that is input from the input terminal 1.

The copy management information SCMS-P and the copy managementinformation SCMS-R that are input to the input terminal 2 are suppliedto a sub code encoder 6. The sub code encoder 6 places the copymanagement information SCMS-P and the copy management information SCMS-Rin the sub code data. The resultant sub code data is supplied to amodulating circuit 5.

An output of the modulating circuit 5 is supplied to an optical pickup 9through an RF amplifier 8. The optical pickup 9 records the data of thecontent to a master disc 10 as a record medium. The information of thewatermark containing the copy management information SCMS-P and the copymanagement information SCMS-R is superimposed with the data recorded onthe master disc 10. The sub code data contains the copy managementinformation SCMS-P and the copy management information SCMS-R.

Discs that are sold and distributed are quantitatively produced bystampers produced based on the master disc 10 produced in theabove-described manner.

The two copy management information SCMS-P and copy managementinformation SCMS-R are recorded on one record medium at a time. When therecord medium is reproduced, one of the two copy management informationSCMS-P and copy management information SCMS-R is selected correspondingto the type of the record medium. Corresponding to the selected copymanagement information, a copy operation is controlled.

As shown in FIG. 8, the copy management information SCMS-P and the copymanagement information SCMS-R manage a copy operation using informationof two bits each as with the SCMS copy management information. In eachof the copy management information SCMS-P and the copy managementinformation SCMS-R, (0, 0) represents copy free; (0, 1) represents onegeneration copy permitted; and (1, 1) represents copy prohibited.

Data of many contents is distributed with read-only record mediums suchas CD and CD-ROM. A copy operation that results in a problem from a viewpoint of copyright protection is a copy operation from a read-onlyrecord medium such as CD or CD-ROM to a recordable record medium such asCD-R or CD-RW.

According to the first embodiment of the present invention, data of anoriginal content is distributed with read-only record mediums. A copyoperation that results in a problem from a view point of copyrightprotection is a copy operation from a read-only record medium to arecordable record medium. According to the embodiment, the fact that thetype of a record medium on which data of an original content has beenrecorded is different from the type of a record medium on which the datais copied is considered.

FIG. 3 shows a copy control in the case that data of a content is copiedusing two types of copy management information that are the copymanagement information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copymanagement information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums. In FIG. 3,record mediums that are not hatched are read-only record mediums,whereas record mediums that are hatched are writable record mediums.

In FIG. 3, the case of which an original record medium 11A is copiedwill be described. The original record medium 11A is a read-only recordmedium such as CD or CD-ROM. On the original record medium 11A, which isa read-only record medium, (0, 0) and (0, 0) are written as the copymanagement information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and copymanagement information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums,respectively.

Now, it is assumed that information of the original record medium 11A iscopied to a record medium 11B and a first generation copy of theoriginal record medium 11A is produced. The record medium 11B is arecordable record medium such as CD-R or CD-RW.

When information is copied from the record medium 11A to the recordmedium 11B, the record medium 11A is reproduced and the copy managementinformation of the original record medium 11A is checked. As the copymanagement information, there are two types of copy managementinformation that are the copy management information SCMS-P forread-only record mediums and the copy management information SCMS-R forrecordable record mediums. However, since the original record medium 11Ais a read-only record medium, the copy management information SCMS-P forread-only record mediums is checked. Since the copy managementinformation SCMS-P for read-only record mediums is (0, 0), it representsthat a copy operation is permitted. Thus, information can be copied fromthe record medium 11A to the record medium 11B. As a result, theinformation of the record medium 11A is copied to the record medium 11B.A first generation copy of the original record medium 11A is produced onthe record medium 11B.

The copy management information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums andthe copy management information SCMS-R for writable record mediums thathave been recorded on the original record medium 11A are recorded asthey are to the record medium 11B as the first generation copy. Thus,(0, 0) and (0, 0) as the copy management information SCMS-P forread-only record mediums and the copy management information SCMS-R forrecordable record mediums, respectively, are written to the recordmedium 11B as the first generation copy.

In addition, it is assumed that information of the record medium 11B iscopied to a record medium 11C so as to produce a second generation copyof the record medium 11A. The record medium 11C is a recordable recordmedium such as CD-R or CD-RW.

When information is copied from the record medium 11B to the recordmedium 11C, the record medium 11B is reproduced. At that point, the copymanagement information of the record medium 11B is checked. Since therecord medium 11B is a recordable record medium, the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums is checked. Since thecopy management information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums is (0,0), a copy operation is permitted. Thus, information can be copied fromthe record medium 11B to the record medium 11C. As a result, informationof the record medium 11B is copied to the record medium 11C. A secondgeneration copy of the original record medium 11A is produced on therecord medium 11C.

The copy management information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums andthe copy management information SCMS-R for recordable record mediumsthat have been recorded on the record medium 11B are recorded as theyare to the record medium 11C as the second generation copy. Thus, (0, 0)and (0, 0) as the copy management information SCMS-P for read-onlyrecord mediums and the copy management information SCMS-R for recordablerecord mediums, respectively, are written to the record medium 11C asthe second generation copy, respectively.

In such a manner, when (0, 0) and (0, 0) as the copy managementinformation SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums, respectively, havebeen written to the original record medium 11A, a copy operation can befreely permitted in a plurality of generations.

Next, the case of which an original record medium 12A is copied will bedescribed. The original record medium 12A is a read-only record mediumsuch as CD or CD-ROM. On the original record medium 12A, (0, 1) and(1, 1) as the copy management information SCMS-P for read-only recordmediums and the copy management information SCMS-R for recordable recordmediums, respectively, have been written. It is assumed that informationof the record medium 12A is copied to a record medium 12B so as toproduce a first generation copy of the record medium 12A. The recordmedium 12B is a recordable record medium such as CD-R or CD-RW.

When information is copied from the record medium 12A to the recordmedium 12B, the record medium 12A is reproduced. At that point, the copymanagement information is checked. Since the original record medium 12Ais a read-only record medium, the copy management information SCMS-P forread-only record mediums is checked. Since the copy managementinformation SCMS-P for read-only record mediums is (0, 1), a copyoperation is performed in one generation. Thus, the information of therecord medium 12A is copied to the record medium 12B. As a result, theinformation of the original record medium 12A is copied to the recordmedium 12B. A first generation copy of the original record medium 12A isproduced on the record medium 12B.

The copy management information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums andthe copy management information SCMS-R for recordable record mediumsthat have been recorded on the original record medium 12A are recordedas they are to the record medium 12B as a first generation copy. Thus,(0, 1) and (1, 1) as the copy management information SCMS-P forread-only record mediums and the copy management information SCMS-R forrecordable record mediums, respectively, are written to the recordmedium 12B as the first generation copy.

Further, it is assumed that information of the record medium 12B iscopied to a record medium 12C so as to produce a second generation copyof the record medium 12A. The record medium 12C is a recordable recordmedium such as CD-R or CD-RW.

When information is copied from the record medium 12B to the recordmedium 12C, the record medium 12B is reproduced. At that point, the copymanagement information is checked. Since the record medium 12B is arecordable record medium, the copy management information SCMS-R forrecordable record mediums is checked. Since the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record medium is (1, 1), a copyoperation is prohibited. Thus, the information of the record medium 11Bcannot be copied to the record medium 11C.

In such a manner, when (0, 1) and (1, 1) as the copy managementinformation SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums, respectively, havebeen written to the original record medium 12A, a copy operation ispermitted in only one generation.

Next, the case of which an original record medium 13A is copied will bedescribed. The original record medium 13A is a read-only record mediumsuch as CD or CD-ROM. (1, 1) as the copy management information SCMS-Pfor read-only record mediums has been written to the original recordmedium 13A. In addition, since the original record medium 13A isprohibited from being copied, it is impossible to copy the informationof the record medium 13A to a recordable record medium. Thus, (1, 0) asthe copy management information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums hasbeen written to the record medium 13A. In this case, it is assumed thatthe information of the record medium 13A is copied to a record medium13B so as to produce a first generation copy of the record medium 13A.The record medium 13B is a recordable record medium such as CD-R orCD-RW.

When information is copied from the original record medium 13A to therecord medium 13B, the original record medium 13A is reproduced. At thatpoint, the copy management information is checked. Since the originalrecord medium 13A is a read-only record medium, the copy managementinformation SCMS-P for read-only record mediums is checked. Since thecopy management information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums is (1,1), a copy operation is prohibited. Thus, information cannot be copiedfrom the record medium 13A to the record medium 13B.

In such a manner, when (1, 1) and (1, 0) as the copy managementinformation SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums, respectively, havebeen written to the original record medium 13A, a copy operation isprohibited.

As was described above, both the copy management information SCMS-P forread-only record mediums and the copy management information SCMS-R forrecordable record mediums have been recorded to a record medium. When arecord medium to be reproduced is a read-only record medium, a copyoperation is controlled corresponding to the copy management informationSCMS-P for read-only record mediums. When a record medium to bereproduced is a recordable record medium, a copy operation is controlledcorresponding to the copy management information SCMS-R for recordablerecord mediums.

In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, a copy free designation, a onegeneration copy designation, and a copy prohibition designation can beperformed. When a one copy generation designation is performed, it isnot necessary to rewrite the copy management information. Thus, when thecopy management information is recorded to additional information as awatermark, it is not necessary to rewrite the watermark.

FIG. 4 shows an example of a data reproducing apparatus that controls acopy operation for a record medium using such two types of copymanagement information.

In FIG. 4, an optical disc 101 is rotated and driven by a spindle motor102. An optical pickup 103 that reproduces data from the optical disc101 is disposed. A feed motor (not shown) that travels the opticalpickup 103 in the radius direction of the disc is disposed. A servocircuit that controls the rotation of the spindle motor 102 and a servocircuit that controls focusing and tracking of the optical pickup aredisposed.

Additional information as a watermark is superimposed to data of acontent recorded on the optical disc 101. A watermark is accomplished bya method for inserting additional information using spectrum spreading,a method for inserting additional information to a low order bit of asignal or a high order coefficient of compressed data, a method forinserting additional information using masking effect, and so forth.Additional information as a watermark contains copy managementinformation composed of copy management information SCMS-P for read-onlyrecord mediums and copy management information SCMS-R for recordablerecord mediums.

In addition to data of a content, data of sub code can be recorded onthe optical disc 101. The data of the sub code contains copy managementinformation composed of copy management information SCMS-P for read-onlyrecord mediums and copy management information SCMS-R for recordablerecord mediums. The copy management information recorded as additionalinformation as a watermark is the same as the copy managementinformation contained in the data of the sub code.

The optical disc 101 is a reproduction-only optical disc (for example,CD, CD-ROM, or CD2-ROM) or a recordable optical disc (for example, CD-R,CD-RW, CD2-R, or CD2-RW). When the optical disc 101 is areproduction-only optical disc, it contains wobble information of whichpits are wobbled in the track direction.

A reproduction signal that is read from the optical disc 101 is suppliedfrom the optical pickup 103 to a reproducing amplifier 104. An outputsignal of the reproducing amplifier 104 is supplied to a demodulatingcircuit 105. The demodulating circuit 105 performs a demodulatingprocess for data of an output signal supplied from the reproducingamplifier 104. Output data of the demodulating circuit 105 is suppliedto an error correcting circuit 106. In addition, the output signal ofthe demodulating circuit 105 is supplied to a sub code decoder 107.

An output signal of the reproducing amplifier 104 is supplied to awobble detecting circuit 113. An output of the wobble detecting circuit113 is supplied to a medium type determining circuit 115. The mediumtype determining circuit 115 determines the type of the optical disc 101that is reproduced corresponding to an output of the wobble detectingcircuit 113.

In other words, the wobble detecting circuit 113 detects wobbleinformation of which pits are wobbled and recorded in a perpendiculardirection of the track direction of the optical disc 101. Depending onwhether the wobble detecting circuit 113 can detect the wobbleinformation, the medium type determining circuit 115 determines whetherthe optical disc 101 is a reproduction-only disc or a recordable disc.When the wobble detecting circuit 113 has detected the wobbleinformation, the medium type determining circuit 115 determines that theoptical disc 101 is a reproduction-only disc. In contrast, when thewobble detecting circuit 113 has not detected the wobble information,the medium type determining circuit 115 determines that the optical disc101 is a recordable disc.

An error correcting circuit 106 performs an error correcting process foroutput data of the demodulating circuit 105. An output of the errorcorrecting circuit 106 is supplied to a switch circuit 109. In addition,the output of the error correcting circuit 106 is supplied to awatermark detecting circuit 110. Output data of the error correctingcircuit 106 through the switch circuit 109 is output from a data outputterminal 121 through the switch circuit 118. In addition, the outputdata of the data output terminal 121 is supplied to a D/A converter 119.An output of the D/A converter 119 is obtained from an analog signaloutput terminal 120.

Data of a content that is read or reproduced from the optical disc 101has been superimposed with additional information as a watermark. Anoutput of the error correcting circuit 106 is supplied to the watermarkdetecting circuit 110. The watermark detecting circuit 110 detectsadditional information as a watermark superimposed in the data of thecontent. The additional information as the watermark that has beendetected is supplied to a copy management information extracting circuit111.

The data reproduced from the optical disc 101 contains the data of thesub code. The data of the sub code contains copy management informationSCMS-P and SCMS-R. An output of the demodulating circuit 105 is suppliedto the sub code decoder 107. The sub code decoder 107 decodes the dataof the sub code. An output of the sub code decoder 107 is supplied to acopy management information extracting circuit 108.

A medium type determination signal is supplied from the medium typedetermining circuit 115 to the copy management information extractingcircuit 111 and the copy management information extracting circuit 108.As was described above, the medium type determining circuit 115determines whether the optical disc 101 is a read-only disc or arecordable disc depending on whether a wobble signal is present orabsent. The medium type determining circuit 115 outputs the medium typedetermination signal corresponding to the determined record medium type.

The copy management information extracting circuit 111 selects the copymanagement information corresponding to the determined record mediumtype from the copy management information SCMS-P and SCMS-Rcorresponding to the medium type determination signal received from themedium type determining circuit 115. In other words, when the mediumtype determining circuit 115 has determined that the optical disc 101 isa read-only disc, the copy management information extracting circuit 111outputs the copy management information SCMS-P for read-only recordmediums as the copy management information contained in the additionalinformation as the watermark. In contrast, when the medium typedetermining circuit 115 has determined that the optical disc 101 is arecordable disc, the copy management information extracting circuit 111outputs the copy management information SCMS-R for recordable recordmediums as the copy management information contained in the additionalinformation as the watermark.

The copy management information extracting circuit 108 selects the copymanagement information corresponding to the record medium from the copymanagement information SCMS-P and SCMS-R contained in the data of thesub code corresponding to the output of the medium type determiningcircuit 115. In other words, when the medium type determining circuit115 has determined that the optical disc 101 is a read-only disc, thecopy management information extracting circuit 108 outputs the copymanagement information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums as the copymanagement information contained in the data of the sub code. Incontrast, when the medium type determining circuit 115 has determinedthat the optical disc 101 is a recordable disc, the copy managementinformation extracting circuit 108 outputs the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums as the copy managementinformation contained in the data of the sub code.

An output of the copy management information extracting circuit 111 andan output of the copy management information extracting circuit 108 aresupplied to a collating circuit 116. The collating circuit 116 collatesthe copy management information SCMS-P or SCMS-R contained in the subcode extracted by the copy management information extracting circuit 108with the copy management information SCMS-P or SCMS-R contained in theinformation as the watermark extracted by the copy managementinformation extracting circuit 111.

Since the copy management information SCMS-P and SCMS-R contained in thesub code are normally the same as the copy management information SCMS-Pand SCMS-R contained in the additional information as the watermark, thecopy management information SCMS-P or SCMS-R contained in the sub codeextracted by the copy management information extracting circuit 108 mustbe matched with the copy management information SCMS-P or SCMS-Rcontained in the additional information as the watermark extracted bythe copy management information extracting circuit 111. When thecollated result of the collating circuit 116 represents that the copymanagement information contained in the sub code matches the copymanagement information contained in the additional information as thewatermark, the switch circuit 109 is turned on.

An output of the collating circuit 116 is supplied to a determiningcircuit 117. The determining circuit 117 controls the switch circuit 118corresponding to the copy management information SCMS-P or SCMS-R.

In other words, when the copy management information SCMS-P or SCMS-R is(0, 0) or (0, 1), since a copy operation is permitted or in only onegeneration (see FIG. 8), the determining circuit 117 causes the switchcircuit 118 to be turned on. In contrast, when the copy managementinformation SCMS-P or SCMS-R is (1, 1), since a copy operation isprohibited, the determining circuit 117 causes the switch circuit 118 tobe turned off.

Thus, when the copy management information SCMS-P or SCMS-R contained inthe sub code extracted by the copy management information extractingcircuit 108 matches the copy management information SCMS-P or SCMS-Rcontained in the information of the watermark extracted by the copymanagement information extracting circuit 111, the switch circuit 109 isturned on.

When the copy management information SCMS-P or SCMS-R is selectedcorresponding to the type of the record medium and the selected copymanagement information is (0, 0) or (0, 1), the switch circuit 118 isturned on. When the switch circuit 109 is turned on and the switchcircuit 118 is turned on, an output of the optical disc 101 that hasbeen decoded by the error correcting circuit 106 is output from the dataoutput terminal 121 through the switch circuit 109 and the switchcircuit 118. Thus, when the recording apparatus is connected to the dataoutput terminal 121, data can be copied.

When the copy management information SCMS-R is (1, 1), since a copyoperation is prohibited (see FIG. 8), the switch circuit 118 is turnedoff. When the switch circuit 118 is turned off, an output of the opticaldisc 101 that has been decoded by the error correcting circuit 106 isnot output from the data output terminal 121. Thus, even if therecording apparatus is connected to the data output terminal 121, datacannot be copied.

When the copy management information SCMS-P and SCMS-R have beenrecorded in the sub code and the watermark on the optical disc 101,corresponding to the copy management information SCMS-P and SCMS-R, theswitch circuit 118 is turned on/off so as to prevent an illegal copyoperation.

FIG. 5 explains a disc copy operation attempted in the case that arecording apparatus 150 is connected to the reproducing apparatus 100shown in FIG. 4.

It is assumed that a read-only optical disc 101A is loaded to thereproducing apparatus 100. Each of sub code and watermark of the opticaldisc 101A contains (0, 1) and (1, 1) as copy management informationSCMS-P for read-only record mediums and copy management informationSCMS-R for recordable record mediums.

When the optical disc 101A is reproduced by the reproducing apparatus100, since wobble information is detected, the medium type determiningcircuit 115 determines that the optical disc 101A is a read-only disc.

The sub code decoder 107 decodes the copy management information SCMS-Pand SCMS-R recorded in the sub code of the reproduction data of theoptical disc 101A. The sub code data is supplied to the copy managementinformation extracting circuit 108. Since the medium type determiningcircuit 115 determines that the optical disc 101 is a read-only disc,the copy management information extracting circuit 108 selects the copymanagement information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and outputsit.

The watermark detecting circuit 110 decodes the copy managementinformation SCMS-P and SCMS-R superimposed as a watermark and recordedas additional information in data of a content reproduced from theoptical disc 101A. The additional information added as the watermark issupplied to the copy management information extracting circuit 111.Since the optical disc 101A is a read-only disc, the copy managementinformation extracting circuit 111 selects the copy managementinformation SCMS-P.

When the copy management information SCMS-P extracted by the copymanagement information extracting circuit 108 matches the copymanagement information SCMS-P extracted by the copy managementinformation extracting circuit 111, the switch circuit 109 is turned on.At that point, corresponding to the copy management informationcontained in the sub code selected by the copy management informationextracting circuit 108 and the copy management information SCMS-Pcontained in the watermark extracted by the copy management informationextracting circuit 111, the switch circuit 118 is controlled. Since boththe copy management information contained in the sub code and the copymanagement information SCMS-P contained in the watermark are (0, 1), anoutput of the determining circuit 117 causes the switch circuit 118 tobe turned on.

Thus, the reproduction information of the optical disc 101A isdemodulated by the demodulating circuit 105. Thereafter, an error of thereproduction information is corrected by the error correcting circuit106. The resultant reproduction information is output from the dataoutput terminal 121 through the switch circuit 109 and the switchcircuit 118. The data that is output from the data output terminal 121is input to an input terminal of the recording apparatus 150. The datais recorded on an optical disc 101B loaded in the recording apparatus150.

At that point, the same copy management information as the optical disc101A is recorded to the optical disc 101B. Thus, the copy managementinformation SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums become (0, 1) and (1,1), respectively.

Next, as shown in FIG. 6, it is assumed that the optical disc 101B ofwhich data of a content of the optical disc 101A has been copied isloaded to the reproducing apparatus 100, that a recordable optical disc101C is loaded to the recording apparatus 150, and that the optical disc101B is tried to be copied to the optical disc 101C.

In this case, when the optical disc 101B is reproduced, since the mediumtype determining circuit 115 does not detect wobble information from theoptical disc 101B, the medium type determining circuit 115 determinesthat the optical disc 101B is a recordable disc.

The sub code decoder 107 decodes the copy management information SCMS-Pand SCMS-R recorded in the sub code. Since the optical disc 101B is arecordable disc, the copy management information extracting circuit 108selects the copy management information SCMS-R and outputs it.

The watermark detecting circuit 110 decodes the copy managementinformation SCMS-P and SCMS-R contained in the watermark. Since theoptical disc 101B is a writable disc, the copy management informationextracting circuit 111 selects the copy management information SCMS-Rand outputs it.

When the copy management information SCMS-R extracted by the copymanagement information extracting circuit 108 matches the copymanagement information SCMS-R extracted by the copy managementinformation extracting circuit 111, the switch circuit 109 is turned on.At that point, corresponding to the copy management informationcontained in the sub code and selected by the copy managementinformation extracting circuit 108 and the copy management informationcontained in the watermark and extracted by the copy managementinformation extracting circuit 111, the switch circuit 118 is switched.Since both the copy management information SCMS-R contained in the subcode and the copy management information SCMS-R contained in thewatermark are (1, 1), corresponding to an output of the determiningcircuit 117, the switch circuit 118 is turned off.

Thus, no data is output from the data output terminal 121. Thus, outputdata of the optical disc 101B cannot be recorded to the optical disc101C loaded in the recording apparatus 150. Thus, when the copymanagement information for read-only record mediums and the copymanagement information for recordable record mediums are (0, 1) and (1,1), respectively, in the original optical disc 101, a copy operation ispermitted in only one generation.

In the above-described example, copy management information is recordedin both sub code and watermark. This is because the copy management isenhanced and its reliability is improved.

Of course, copy management information may be recorded to one of subcode and watermark. Alternatively, although copy management informationmay be recorded to both sub code and watermark, one of them may be usedto manage a copy operation.

Further alternatively, copy management information may be recorded toother than sub code and watermark. For example, copy managementinformation may be recorded to a predetermined area of a record mediumfor example an area for TOC (Table Of Contents) data or a lead-in area.Alternatively, copy management information may be recorded to a sectorheader.

In the above-described example, it is assumed that an original recordmedium is a read-only record medium. However, it should be noted that anoriginal record medium is not always a read-only record medium. Instead,an original record medium may be provided as a recordable record medium.For example, the user may distribute a record medium that he or sheproduced. Alternatively, the user may publish a content at his or herown expense in limited production basis. In such cases, an originalrecord medium is a recordable record medium. In addition, when adownloaded content is original, an original record medium is arecordable record medium.

FIG. 7 shows an example of which an original record medium is arecordable record medium. As with the above-described case, when anoriginal record medium is a recordable record medium, two types of copymanagement information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and copymanagement information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums are used.Since it is impossible that information will be copied from a recordablerecord medium to a read-only record medium, as the copy managementinformation SCMS-P for read-only record mediums, (1, 0) that is reservedin the SCMS is used. When the copy management information SCMS-P forread-only record mediums is (1, 0), an original record medium is arecordable record medium.

In FIG. 7, an original record medium 14A is a recordable record medium.On the original record medium 14A, (1, 0) and (0, 0) as copy managementinformation SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums have been written,respectively. In this case, it is assumed that information of the recordmedium 11A is copied to a recordable record medium 14B so as to producea first generation copy of the record medium 14A.

When information is copied from the record medium 14A to the recordmedium 14B, the record medium 14A is reproduced. At that point, the copymanagement information is checked. Since the original record medium 14Ais a recordable record medium, the copy management information SCMS-Rfor recordable record mediums is checked. Since the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums is (0, 0), a copyoperation is permitted. Thus, information is copied from the recordmedium 14A to the record medium 14B. As a result, a first generationcopy of the record medium 14A is produced to the record medium 14B.

On the record medium 14B as the first generation copy of the recordmedium 14A, the copy management information SCMS-P for read-only recordmediums and the copy management information SCMS-R for recordable recordmediums that have been recorded on the record medium 14A are recorded asthey are. Thus, on the record medium 14B as the first generation copy ofthe record medium 14A, (1, 0) and (0, 0) as the copy managementinformation SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums are recorded,respectively.

In addition, it is assumed that information of the record medium 14B iscopied to a record medium 14C so as to produce a second generation copyof the record medium 14A.

When information is copied from the record medium 14B to the recordmedium 14C, the record medium 14B is reproduced. At that point, the copymanagement information is checked. Since the record medium 14B is arecordable record medium, the copy management information SCMS-R forrecordable record mediums is checked. Since the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums is (0, 0), a copyoperation is permitted. Thus, information is copied from the recordmedium 14B to the record medium 11C. As a result, information of therecord medium 14B is copied to the recordable record medium 14C. Asecond generation copy of the original record medium 14A is produced onthe record medium 14C.

On the record medium 14C as the second generation copy of the recordmedium 14A, the copy management information SCMS-P for read-only recordmediums and the copy management information SCMS-R for recordable recordmediums that have been recorded on the record medium 14B are recorded asthey are. Thus, on the record medium 14C as the second generation copyof the record medium 14A, (1, 0) and (0, 0) as the copy managementinformation SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums are recorded,respectively.

When (1, 0) and (0, 0) as the copy management information SCMS-P forread-only record mediums and the copy management information SCMS-R forrecordable record mediums have been recorded on the original recordmedium 14A, it can be freely copied.

Next, the case that an original record medium 15A is copied will bedescribed. The original record medium 15A is a writable record medium.On the original record medium 15A, (1, 0) and (0, 1) as the copymanagement information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copymanagement information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums have beenrecorded, respectively. It is assumed that information of the recordmedium 15A is copied to a record medium 15B so as to produce a firstgeneration copy of the record medium 15A.

When information is copied from the record medium 15A to the recordmedium 15B, the record medium 15A is reproduced. At that point, the copymanagement information is checked. Since the original record medium 15Ais a recordable record medium, the copy management information SCMS-Rfor recordable record mediums is checked. Since the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums is (0, 1), a copyoperation is permitted in one generation. Thus, information is copiedfrom the record medium 15A to the record medium 15B. As a result, on therecord medium 15B, a first generation copy of the original record medium15A is produced.

At that point, the copy management information is changed (namely,rewritten) so that the information can be recorded in only onegeneration. In other words, on the record medium 15B as a firstgeneration copy, the copy management information SCMS-P for read-onlyrecord mediums is (1, 0). On the other hand, the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums is rewritten to (1, 1)so that a further copy operation is prohibited.

For example, it is assumed that information of the record medium 15B istried to be copied to a record medium 15C so as to produce a secondgeneration copy of the record medium 15A.

When information is copied from the record medium 15B to the recordmedium 15C, the record medium 15B is reproduced. At that point, the copymanagement information is checked. Since the record medium 15B is arecordable record medium, the copy management information SCMS-R forrecordable record medium is checked. Since the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums is (1, 1), a copyoperation is prohibited. Thus, information of the record medium 15Bcannot be copied to the record medium 15C.

In such a manner, when (1, 0) and (0, 1) as the copy managementinformation SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums have been recorded onthe original record medium 15A, respectively, a copy operation ispermitted in only one generation.

Next, the case that an original record medium 16A is copied will bedescribed. The original record medium 16A is a recordable record medium.On the original record medium 16A, (1, 0) and (1, 1) as the copymanagement information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copymanagement information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums have beenrecorded, respectively. It is assumed that information of the recordmedium 16A is tried to be copied to a recordable record medium 16B so asto produce a first generation copy of the record medium 16A.

When information is copied from the record medium 16A to the recordmedium 16B, the record medium 16A is reproduced. At that point, the copymanagement information is checked. Since the original record medium 16Ais a recordable record medium, the copy management information SCMS-Rfor recordable record mediums is checked. Since the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums is (1, 1), a copyoperation is prohibited. Thus, information cannot be copied from therecord medium 16A to the record medium 16B.

Thus, when (1, 0) and (1, 1) as the copy management information SCMS-Pfor read-only record mediums and the copy management information SCMS-Rfor recordable record mediums have been recorded on the original recordmedium 16A, respectively, a copy operation is prohibited.

FIGS. 8 and 9 show the relation between the states of the copymanagement information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copymanagement information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums and copyoperations controlled corresponding thereto. In FIGS. 8 and 9, in bitsb0 to b3, bits b0 and b1 represent the copy management informationSCMS-P for read-only record mediums, whereas bits b2 and b3 representthe copy management information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums.

In the description with reference to FIGS. 3 and 7, the copy managementinformation SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums are separatelydescribed. However, in FIGS. 8 and 9, the copy management information istreated as four bits of which two high order bits and two low order bitsare used to represent the copy management information SCMS-P forread-only record mediums and the copy management information SCMS-R forrecordable record mediums, respectively. FIG. 8 shows definitions of thecopy management information SCMS-P and SCMS-R that are basically thesame as the conventional SCMS. FIG. 9 shows the states of the copymanagement information SCMS-P and SCMS-R and copy operationscorresponding thereto.

According to the above-described first embodiment, a plurality of typesof copy management information corresponding to a plurality of types ofrecord mediums are provided. The plurality of types of copy managementinformation corresponding to the plurality of types of record mediumsare recorded on one record medium at a time. When the record medium isreproduced, the type thereof is determined. The copy managementinformation corresponding to the type of the record medium is selected.Corresponding to the selected copy management information, the copymanagements are performed.

According to a second embodiment, reproduction management information isused instead of the copy management information used in theabove-described first embodiment.

The reproduction management is performed in such a manner that unless apredetermined fee is paid, a reproducing operation is not permitted.When the predetermined fee is paid, a reproducing operation ispermitted. When the reproduction management is performed, a fee paid forreproducing an original record medium may be different from a fee paidfor reproducing a copied record medium. According to the above-describedfirst embodiment, a copy prohibition in each generation is controlled.Thus, when the copy management information used in the first embodimentis substituted with the reproduction management information, areproducing operation can be controlled in each generation.

In other words, according to the second embodiment, reproductionmanagement information DRM-P for read-only record mediums andreproduction management information DRM-R for recordable record mediumsare used. For example, the reproduction management information DRM-P andDRM-R are defined as shown in FIG. 10.

In FIG. 10, bits b0 to b3 are reproduction management information DRM-Pfor read-only record mediums, whereas bits b4 to b7 are reproductionmanagement information DRM-R for writable record mediums.

Since the reproduction management control manages a reproducingoperation depending on whether the record medium is an original recordmedium or a non-original record medium, it can be stated that thereproduction management information DRM-P for read-only record mediumsis reproduction management information for original record mediums andthe reproduction management information DRM-R for recordable recordmediums is reproduction management information for non-original recordmediums.

When two high order bits of each of the reproduction managementinformation DRM-P and DRM-R are (1, 0), they represent a chargedreproduction. At that point, the two low order bits of each of thereproduction management information DRM-P and DRM-R represent chargingconditions. For example, when the two low order bits are (0, 0), \10 persong is charged. When the two low order bits are (0, 1), \100 per songis charged. For example, when two low order bits are (1, 0), \1 forreproduction every 30 seconds is charged. When the two low order bitsare (1, 1), \2 for reproduction every 30 seconds is charged.

For example, it is assumed that two types of reproduction managementinformation DRM-P and DRM-R recorded on a record medium are (0, 0, 0, 0)and (1, 0, 1, 0), respectively. In this case, when the record mediumthat is reproduced is a read-only record medium, the reproductionmanagement information DRM-P for read-only record mediums is used. Sincethe reproduction management information DRM-P for read-only recordmediums is (0, 0, 0, 0), a free reproduction is performed. In contrast,when the record medium that is reproduced is a writable record medium,the reproduction management information DRM-R for writable recordmediums is used. Since the reproduction management information DRM-R forwritable record mediums is (1, 0, 1, 0), \1 for reproduction every 30seconds is charged.

For example, it is assumed that information of an original record mediumis copied to another recordable record medium. In this case, the recordmedium to which the information has been copied is a recordable recordmedium. Thus, the reproduction is controlled corresponding to thereproduction management information DRM-R for recordable record mediums.Since the reproduction management information DRM-R for writable recordmediums is (1, 0, 1, 0), \1 for reproduction every 30 seconds ischarged.

Thus, when an original record medium is a read-only record medium, if(0, 0, 0, 0) and (1, 0, 1, 0) as the reproduction management informationDRM-P and the reproduction management information DRM-R for recordablerecord mediums have been recorded on the original record medium, thetype of the record medium is determined. When the original record mediumis reproduced, a free reproduction is performed. When information isreproduced from a copied record medium, \1 for reproduction every 30seconds is charged.

FIG. 11 shows the relation between states of the reproduction managementinformation DRM-P for read-only record mediums and reproductionmanagement information DRM-R for recordable record mediums andreproducing operations performed corresponding thereto. In the example,in bits b0 to b7, bits b0 to b3 represent reproduction managementinformation DRM-P for read-only record mediums and bits b4 to b7represent reproduction management information DRM-R for recordablerecord mediums.

In the above-described examples, using information for read-only recordmediums and information for writable record mediums, a control in onlyone generation is performed. In other words, according to the firstembodiment, using the copy management information SCMS-P for read-onlyrecord mediums and the copy management information SCMS-R for recordablerecord mediums, copy operations for an original record medium and acopied record medium are controlled. In contrast, according to thesecond embodiment, using the reproduction management information DRM-Pfor read-only record mediums and reproduction management informationDRM-R for recordable record mediums, reproducing conditions for anoriginal record medium and a copied record medium are controlled.

When generations can be managed with a particular means, a copy controlcan be extended to a plurality of generations as shown in FIG. 12.

In the example shown in FIG. 12, copy management information CP1 fororiginal record mediums, copy management information CP2 for firstgeneration copied record mediums, and copy management information CP3for second or later generation copied record mediums are recorded at atime. The generation of the reproduced record medium is determined. Whenthe record medium is an original record medium, a copy process isperformed corresponding to the copy management information CP1 fororiginal record mediums. When the record medium is a first generationcopied record medium, a copy process is performed corresponding to thecopy management information CP2 for first generation copied recordmediums. When the record medium is a second or later generation copiedrecord medium, a copy process is performed corresponding to the copymanagement information CP3 for second or later generation copied recordmediums.

Of course, by adding copy management information, copy operations in thethird generation and fourth generation can be managed.

When the copy management information is extended, even if a copyoperation in the second generation is prohibited, a charged copyoperation may be permitted. For example, in FIG. 12, the copy managementinformation CP1 for original record mediums and the copy managementinformation CP2 for first generation copied record mediums representconditions in which a copy operation is permitted or prohibited. When acopy operation is permitted, it can be freely performed. The copymanagement information CP3 for second or later generation copied recordmediums represents charging conditions when a free copy operation isprohibited and a charged copy operation is permitted. Thus, although acopy operation in the second or later generation is prohibited, acharged copy operation in the second or later generation may bepermitted.

FIG. 13 shows copy conditions corresponding to characteristics of recordmediums. In other words, in the example, copy management informationCP11 for CD, copy management information CP12 for CD-R, copy managementinformation CP13 for hard disk drive, copy management information CP14for so-called MD (Mini Disc), and copy management information CP15 forsemiconductor memory card are provided. These copy managementinformation CP11 to CP15 are recorded on a record medium at a time. Whenthe record medium is reproduced, corresponding to the reproducingdevice, one of the copy management information CP11 to CP15 is selected.Corresponding to the reproducing device and the copy managementinformation corresponding thereto, the copy operation is controlled.

FIG. 14 shows an example of copy management information recorded as copymanagement information CP11, CP12, CP13, CP14, and CP15. In the example,it is assumed that a record medium for the CD is an original recordmedium and thereby the copy management information CP11 for CD is (0, 0,0, 1). Thus, it represents that a copy operation is permitted in onlyone generation. Thus, one generation copy of the original record mediumis permitted. The copy management information for CD is (0, 1, 1, 1) sothat a copy operation for CD-R is prohibited. The copy managementinformation CP13 for hard disk is (1, 0, 1, 0) so that although data canbe temporarily recorded to the hard disk, data cannot be reproducedtherefrom. The copy management information CP14 for MD is (0, 1, 1, 1)so that a copy operation for MD is prohibited. Since a memory card cancopy data at high speed, the copy management information CP15 for memorycard is (0, 1, 1, 0) so that a copy operation is prohibited and only amoving operation is permitted. In this example, “moving operation”represents a process or an operation of which when information is copiedfrom a copy source medium to a copy destination medium, the informationcopied on the copy source medium is prohibited from being reproduced andinformation copied on the copy destination medium is permitted to bereproduced.

Alternatively, conditions of which a copy operation is permitted in onetime speed and a copy operation is prohibited in four times speed may bedesignated. In this example, “one time speed” represents a standardrecord/reproduction speed defined in standard applied for the medium.Likewise, “four times speed” represents a speed four times higher thanthe standard record/reproduction speed.

As was described above, when a plurality of types of copy managementinformation, reproduction management information, and chargingmanagement information corresponding to a plurality of types ofreproducing devices are recorded at a time. When a copy condition, areproducing condition, and a charging condition for the device areselected and designated, a copy operation, a reproducing operation, anda charging operation can be managed in a plurality of generations. Allthe plurality of types of copy management information, reproductionmanagement information, and charging management informationcorresponding to the plurality of devices may be recorded.Alternatively, one or several of the plurality of types of copymanagement information, reproduction management information, andcharging management information corresponding to the plurality ofdevices may be recorded.

Corresponding to a condition of which the record medium is an originalrecord medium or a copied record medium, a plurality of types of copymanagement information, reproduction management information, andcharging management information may be recorded at a time. In addition,information about medium types may be provided.

For example, FIG. 15 shows an example of the structure of data of awatermark superimposed to data of a content recorded on an optical disc.In FIG. 15, watermark information is superimposed and recorded to dataof a content. One unit of the watermark information is composed of 256bits. The watermark information is repeatedly written for example 16times.

At the beginning of each unit of 256 bits of the watermark information,sync data and parity are placed. The sync data is composed of apatterned sync having a predetermined pattern and an inverted syncthereof. Each of the patterned sync and the inverted pattern is composedof for example 14 bits. Corresponding to the sync data, an errordetection parity and an error correction parity are placed. The paritiesseparate the patterned sync from the inverted sync.

The sync data is followed by a header of four bits. As mentioned above,the data of the watermark is repeatedly written 16 times. The header istime code used to count the watermarks repeatedly written.

The header is followed by copyright information of four bits, originalmedium identification information of four bits, original copy statusinformation of two bits, and non-original copy status information of twobits.

The copyright information designates whether or not a copy protectioncan be performed. In the example, a copy protection can be designatedfor each of content types such as audio and video.

The original medium identification information describes the medium typeof the original of the content. When the medium is an original medium,the type of the record medium represented by the original mediumidentification information should match the type of the reproducedrecord medium. When the type of the record medium represented by theoriginal medium identification information is compared with the type ofthe record medium that is actually reproduced, it can be determinedwhether the record medium is an original record medium or a non-originalrecord medium.

The original copy status represents copy and charging conditions whenthe record medium is an original record medium.

The non-original copy status represents copy and charging conditionswhen the record medium is a non-original record medium.

The non-original copy status is followed by a DRM (Digital RightsManagement) payload of 32 bits (reserved). The DRM payload containsmanagement information.

The DRM payload is followed by an encryption key of 128 bits. Theencryption key is followed by generation management information of 16bits.

The generation management information represents whether the recordmedium is an original record medium or a copied record medium. When therecord medium is a copied record medium, the generation managementinformation represents in what generation the record medium has beencopied. In the example, the generation management information isrepeatedly written four times. Whenever the content is copied, thegeneration management information is rewritten.

The generation management information is followed by error detection CRCcode of 32 bits. The CRC code is used to detect an error.

The generation management information is repeatedly written four timesso as to improve the reliability thereof. In other words, since it isdifficult to rewrite information of the watermark, the generationmanagement information is not contained in a CRC error detection block.If the generation management information is contained in an errordetection block, whenever the generation is rewritten, the CRC codeshould be calculated and changed. However, when the generationmanagement information is not contained in a CRC block, the reliabilityis lost. To prevent such a problem, the generation managementinformation is repeatedly written four times so as to improve thereliability thereof.

In the example, the original medium identification information isprovided. With the original medium identification information, the typeof an original medium can be identified. When the reproduced recordmedium is an original record medium, the type of the record mediumrepresented by the original medium identification information must bethe same as the type of the record medium that is actually reproduced.Thus, when the identification information of the original medium iscompared with the type of the record medium that is actually reproduced,it can be determined whether the reproduced record medium is an originalrecord medium or a non-original record medium.

In the example, there are an original copy status and a non-originalcopy status. When the record medium is an original record medium,corresponding to the original copy status, a copy operation, areproducing operation, and a charging operation are controlled. When therecord medium is a non-original record medium (namely, a copied recordmedium), corresponding to the non-original copy status, a copyoperation, a reproducing operation, and a charging operation arecontrolled.

In the example, generation information is provided. With the generationinformation, a process corresponding to a copy generation can beperformed.

FIG. 16 shows a third embodiment. In the above-described examples, whendata of a content is recorded, a plurality of types of copy managementinformation corresponding to a plurality of types of record mediums arerecorded at a time. The type of the record medium on which data of acontent has been recorded is determined. With the copy managementinformation corresponding to the record medium, a copy operation ismanaged.

On the other hand, in this example, original type information and copymanagement information are pare-recorded on a record medium. The type ofthe record medium obtained corresponding to the original typeinformation is compared with the type of the record, medium that isactually reproduced so as to determine whether or not the record mediumis an original record medium. When the determined result represents thatthe record medium is an original record medium, using the copymanagement information recorded on the record medium, a copy operationis managed. In contrast, when the determined result represents that therecord medium is not an original record medium, a copy operation ismanaged by supposing that the record medium is a copied record mediumand thereby the generation of the copy management information has beenadvanced.

FIG. 16 shows the structure of a watermark embedded to data of a contentin such a case. Data of a watermark is embedded to the least significantbit of data of a content. Data of a watermark is processed as oneinformation unit (packet) of 48 bits.

In the example, a watermark is embedded to the least significant bit ofa content. Of course, a spectrum spreading method, a method fordetecting a peak value and embedding a watermark thereto, a method forembedding a watermark to a high order coefficient of compressed data, amethod using masking, and so forth can be used.

As shown in FIG. 16, at the beginning of one packet (48 bits) of data ofa watermark, a sync is placed. The sync is used to detect the beginningof the packet and establish synchronization thereof.

The sync is followed by original type information of two bits. Theoriginal type information is used to identify the type of an originalrecord medium. When the original type information is (0, 0), itrepresents that the original record medium is a read-only medium (suchas CD-DA (Compact Disc-Digital Audio) or CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read OnlyMemory). When the original type information is (0, 1), it representsthat the original record medium is a non-ROM recordable record medium(such as CD-R (Compact Disc Recordable) or CD-RW (Compact DiscRewritable)). When the original type information is (1, 0), itrepresents that the original record medium is a hybrid record medium(having a ROM area and a non-ROM area).

The original type information is followed by copy management informationof two bits. When the copy management information is (0, 0), itrepresents that a copy operation is prohibited. When the copy managementinformation is (0, 1), it represents that a copy operation is permittedin one generation. When the copy management information is (1, 1), itrepresents that a copy operation can be freely performed.

In the example, when the original type information recorded on therecord medium is different from the type of the real record medium andthereby the determined result represents that the record medium is acopied record medium, since it is supposed that a copy operation hasbeen performed in at least one generation, supposing that copymanagement information of which the copy generation is advanced by oneis new copy management information, a copy operation is managed. In thiscase, when the determined result represents that the record medium isnot an original record medium, supposing that copy managementinformation of which the copy generation is advanced by one is new copymanagement information, even if the copy management information is notrewritten, a copy generation can be managed.

In other words, by comparing the type of the record medium representedby the original type information with the type of the record medium thatis actually reproduced, it is determined whether or not the recordmedium is an original record medium. When the determined resultrepresents that the record medium is an original record medium,corresponding to the copy management information of the record medium, acopy operation is managed.

On the other hand, when the type of the record medium represented by theoriginal type information is compared with the type of the record mediumthat is actually reproduced, if the determined result represents thatthe record medium is not an original record medium, corresponding tocopy management information of which the copy generation has beenadvanced by one, a copy operation is managed.

FIG. 17 is a flow chart showing the above-described process. In FIG. 17,when the record medium is reproduced, the type of the reproduced recordmedium is identified (at step S11). When the record medium is areproduction-only record medium, since it contains wobble information ofwhich pits are wobbled and recorded in the track direction (namely, theradius direction of the record medium), the type of the record mediumcan be determined depending on whether or not the wobble information canbe detected.

Thereafter, the original type information is read from the managementinformation (at step S12).

The type of the record medium identified at step S11 is compared withthe original type information that is read at step S12. Corresponding tothe compared result, it is determined whether or not the record mediumthat is reproduced is an original record medium (at step S13).

When the determined result at step S11 represents that the record mediumthat is reproduced is a CD-ROM and the original type information that isread at step S12 is (0, 0), which represents a read-only record medium,since the type of the record medium that is reproduced matches theoriginal type information, it is determined that the record medium is anoriginal record medium. In contrast, when the determined result at stepS11 represents that the record medium that is reproduced is a CD-ROM andthe original type information that is read at step S12 is (0, 1), whichrepresents a non-ROM record medium, since the types of the recordmediums are different, it is determined that the record medium is not anoriginal record medium.

When the determined result at step S13 represents that the record mediumis an original record medium, a copy operation is managed correspondingto the copy management information (at step S14).

In contrast, when the determined result at step S13 represents that therecord medium is not an original record medium, a copy operation ismanaged corresponding to the copy management information of which thecopy generation has been advanced by one.

When the determined result at step S13 represents that the record mediumis not an original record medium, it is determined whether or not thecopy management information is (0, 1) (at step S15).

When the determined result at step S15 represents that the copymanagement information is not (0, 1), a copy operation is managedcorresponding to the copy management information (at step S16). In otherwords, when the copy management information is (1, 1), which representsthat a copy operation can be freely performed, even if the copygeneration is advanced by one, the copy management information is notchanged from the copy free state (1, 1). Likewise, when the copymanagement information is (0, 0), which represents that a copy operationis prohibited, even if the copy generation is advanced by one, the copymanagement information is not changed from (0, 0). Thus, when the copymanagement information is (1, 1), a copy operation is permitted. Incontrast, when the copy management information is (0, 0), a copyoperation is prohibited.

When the determined result at step S15 represents that the copymanagement information is (0, 1), the copy generation of the copymanagement information is advanced by one. Supposing that the copymanagement information is (0, 0), a copy operation is managed (at stepS17). When the copy management information is (0, 1), which representsthat a copy operation is permitted in one generation, if the copygeneration is advanced by one, the copy management information becomes(0, 0), which represents that a copy operation is prohibited. Thus, whenthe copy management information is (0, 1), supposing that the copymanagement information is (0, 0), a copy operation is prohibited.

As was described above, in the example, when the original typeinformation recorded on the record medium is different from the type ofthe real record medium and thereby it is determined that the recordmedium is a copied record medium, since it is considered that a copyoperation has been performed in at least one generation, supposing thatthe copy generation of the management information has been advanced byone, a copy operation is managed. When the determined result representsthat the record medium is not an original record medium, supposing thatthe copy generation of the copy management information has been advancedby one, a copy operation is managed. Thus, without need to rewrite thecopy management information, the copy generation can be managed.

In the above-described example, when the record medium is not anoriginal record medium and the copy management information is (0, 1), aprocess is performed supposing that the copy management information is(0, 0) of which the copy generation has been advanced by one. In thiscase, however, as shown in FIG. 18, the copy management information maybe rewritten.

In FIG. 18, steps S21 to S26 are the same as steps S11 to S16 shown inFIG. 17. At step S25, when the record medium is not an original recordmedium and the copy management information is (0, 1), the flow advancesto step S27. At step S27, the copy management information is changedfrom (0, 1) to (0, 0). Thereafter, at step S26, corresponding to thecopy management information, a copy operation is managed.

FIG. 19 shows another example. In the example, copy generationinformation is provided. The copy generation information represents inwhat generation the record medium has been copied. With the copygeneration information, a copy operation can be managed in a pluralityof generations.

As shown in FIG. 19, data of a watermark is processed as one informationunit (packet) of 64 bits. At the beginning of a packet, a sync of 16bits is placed. The sync is used to detect the beginning of the packetand establish synchronization thereof.

The sync is followed by original type information of four bits. Theoriginal type information represents the type of an original recordmedium. For example, when the original type information is (0, 0, 0, 0),it represents a CD-DA format disc as a record medium. When the originaltype information is (0, 0, 0, 1), it represents a CD-DA2 format disc asa record medium. When the original type information is (0, 0, 1, 0), itrepresents an SA (Super Audio)-CD format disc as a record medium. Whenthe original type information is (0, 0, 1, 1), it represents a DVD(Digital versatile Disc) audio format disc as a record medium. When theoriginal type information is (0, 1, 0, 0), it represents a CD-R formatdisc as a record medium. When the original type information is (0, 1, 0,0), it represents a CD2-R format disc as a record medium. When theoriginal type information is (0, 1, 1, 0), it represents a CD-RW formatdisc as a record medium. When the original type information is (0, 1, 1,1), it represents a CD2-RW format disc as a record medium. When theoriginal type information is (1, 0, 0, 0), it represents an MD (MiniDisc) format disc as a record medium. When the original type informationis (1, 1, 1, 1), it represents any record medium.

The original type information is followed by copy management informationof two bits. The copy management information is used to mange copyright.For example, when the copy management information is (0, 0), itrepresents that a copy operation can be freely performed. When the copymanagement information is (0, 1), it represents that a copy operation ispermitted in only one generation. When the copy management informationis (1, 0), it represents that a charged copy operation is permitted.When the copy management information is (1, 1), it represents that acopy operation is prohibited.

The copy management information is followed by generation information oftwo bits. For example, when the generation information is (0, 0), itrepresents an original. When the generation information is (0, 1), itrepresents a first generation copy. When the generation information is(1, 0), it represents a second generation copy. When the generationinformation is (1, 1), it represents a third or later generation copy.

The copy generation information is followed by charging information of12 bits. When a copy operation is permitted with a fee or when a fee ispaid whenever each song is reproduced, the copy generation informationis followed by the charging information.

The charging information is followed by a reserved area of 12 bits. Atthe end of one packet, CRC code of 16 bits is placed. The CRC code isused to detect an error.

In the example shown in FIG. 19, as was described above, the copygeneration information is provided. The copy generation informationrepresents in what generation data recorded on the record medium hasbeen copied. Whenever a copy operation is performed, the copy generationinformation is rewritten.

In consideration of the original type information and copy generationinformation recorded on the record medium and the type of the realrecord medium together, it is determined whether or not the recordmedium is an original record medium. When the determined resultrepresents that the record medium is not an original record medium,since it is considered that a copy operation has been performed in atleast one generation, the copy generation of the copy generationinformation is advanced by one. In such a manner, a copy operation canbe managed in a plurality of generations.

FIG. 20 is a flow chart showing the above-described process. In FIG. 20,when the record medium is reproduced, the type of the record medium thatis reproduced or the type of the record medium as a copy source isidentified (at step S51). Thereafter, the management information is readfrom the watermark (at step S52). The management information containsthe original type, the copy management information, the copy generationinformation, the charging information, and so forth shown in FIG. 19.

In consideration of the record medium type identification informationobtained at step S51 and the original identification information and thecopy generation information contained in the management information thatis read at step S52 together, the probability of which the record mediumis an original record medium is checked (at step S53). As a result, itis determined whether or not the record medium is an original recordmedium (at step S54). Although the identified result of the recordmedium at step S51 is a recordable record medium, when the originalidentification information is (0000) or although the originalidentification information is (0000), when the copy generationinformation is (01), they are not consistent. Thus, it is determinedthat the record medium is not an original record medium.

When the determined result at step S54 represents that the record mediumas a copy source is an original record medium, since the copy generationof the record medium is advanced by one, the copy generation informationis incremented by one (at step S55).

Corresponding to the copy generation information, the copy managementinformation, and the charging information, a recording operation iscontrolled (at step S56). In other words, when the copy managementinformation is (0, 0), which represents that a copy operation can befreely performed, a copy operation for data is permitted. When themanagement information is (0, 1), which represents a copy operation ispermitted in one generation, a copy operation for data is permitted.When the copy management information is (1, 0), which represents that acharged copy operation is permitted, if a charging operation isperformed corresponding to the copy generation information and thecharging information, a copy operation for data is permitted. When thecopy management information is (1, 1), which represents that a copyoperation is prohibited, a copy operation for data is prohibited.

When the determined result at step S54 represents that the record mediumas the copy source is not an original record medium, since the recordmedium is not an original record medium, supposing that a copy operationhas been performed in at least one generation, the copy generationinformation is incremented by one (at step S57).

When a copy operation for data is performed, since the copy generationof the generation information of the record medium in the nextgeneration as the copy source is advanced by one, the next copygeneration information is incremented by one (at step S58).

Thereafter, corresponding to the copy generation information, the copymanagement information, and the charging information, a recordingoperation is controlled (at step S59). At that point, at step S57, thecopy generation management information has been incremented by one. Withthe copy generation management information of which the copy generationis advanced by one, a copy operation is managed.

In the above-described example, a copy operation is managed using themanagement information. In addition, a reproducing operation can be alsomanaged.

FIG. 21 is an example of which a reproducing operation is managed usingthe management information. In FIG. 21, steps S61 to S64 are the same assteps S51 to S54 shown in FIG. 20.

When the determined result at step S64 represents that the record mediumis an original record medium, the flow advances to step S65. At stepS65, a reproducing operation is controlled corresponding to themanagement information. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, when data of acontent to be reproduced from the record medium is charged data, acharging process should be normally performed. When the charging processhas been normally performed, the data of the content is reproduced.Thereafter, the next copy generation information is incremented (at stepS66). Corresponding to the copy generation information, the copymanagement information, and the charging information, the recordingoperation is controlled (at step S67).

When the determined result at step S64 represents that the record mediumis not an original record medium, although it is clear that a copyoperation has been performed in at least one generation, since the copygeneration information has not been rewritten, a reproducing operationmay be prohibited (at step S68).

Generally, since a copy operation has been performed in at least onegeneration, the copy generation information is incremented by one (atstep S69). Corresponding to the copy generation information, the copymanagement information, and the charging information, a reproducingoperation is controlled (at step S70). Thereafter, when a copy operationis performed, since the copy generation is advanced by one, the copygeneration information is incremented by one (at step S71).

Corresponding to the copy generation information, the copy managementinformation, and the charging information, a recording operation iscontrolled (at step S72). At that point, at step S69, the copygeneration management information has been incremented by one. With thecopy generation management information of which the copy generation hasbeen advanced by one, a copy operation is managed.

Thus, in the example, when the original type information recorded on therecord medium is different from the type of the real record medium, itis determined that the record medium is a copied record medium. In thatcase, since it is considered that a copy operation has been performed inat least one generation, supposing that the copy management informationof which the copy generation has been advanced by one is the currentcopy management information, a copy operation is managed. Thus, withoutneed to rewrite the copy management information, the copy generation canbe managed.

In the example, assuming that a copy generation is managed in theprecondition that whenever a copy operation is performed, the copymanagement information and the copy generation information are rewrittencorresponding to a predetermined rule, when the original typeinformation recorded on the record medium is different from the type ofthe real record medium, it is determined that the record medium is acopied record medium. In this case, corresponding to the predeterminedrule, the copy management information and the copy generationinformation are forcedly rewritten. Thus, a copied record medium thatdoes not comply with the predetermined rule is not distributed. Thus,the copyright can be protected.

In the above-described examples, a copy management in the case that arecord medium such as a CD-DA disc or a CD-ROM disc on which data of acontent has been recorded is copied to a recordable record medium suchas a CD-R disc or a CD-RW disc was described. However, the presentinvention can be also applied for protecting copyright of music that isdistributed through the Internet.

In other words, when music is distributed through the Internet, there isa risk of which data of a content is illegally copied and distributed.However, according to the present invention, when data of a content isreproduced by a non-original record medium, a copy operation and areproducing operation can be restricted. Thus, when music is distributedthrough the Internet, the copyright can be protected.

According to the present invention, copy management information SCMS-Pfor read-only record mediums and copy management information SCMS-R forrecordable record mediums are pre-recorded to a record medium at a time.When the record medium that is reproduced is a read-only record medium,a copy operation is controlled corresponding to the copy managementinformation SCMS-P for read-only record mediums. In contrast, when therecord medium that is reproduced is a recordable record medium, a copyoperation is controlled corresponding to the copy management informationSCMS-R for recordable record mediums. Thus, without need to rewrite thecopy management information, a copy operation can be controlled in aplurality of generations.

When reproduction management information for read-only record mediumsand reproduction management information for recordable record mediumsare pre-recorded to a record medium, a reproducing operation can becontrolled depending on whether the record medium is an original recordmedium or a copied record medium. When charging management informationfor read-only record mediums and charging management information forrecordable record mediums are pre-recorded to a record medium, areproducing operation can be controlled depending on whether the recordmedium is an original record medium or a copied record medium.

In addition, when original type information recorded on the recordmedium is different from the type of the real record medium and therebyit is determined that the record medium has been copied, since it can beassumed that a copy operation has been performed in at least onegeneration, a copy operation is managed supposing that copy managementinformation of which the copy generation is advanced by one is new copymanagement information. Thus, without need to rewrite the copymanagement information, a copy generation can be managed.

Thus, assuming that whenever a copy operation is performed, copymanagement information and copy generation information are rewrittencorresponding to a predetermined rule, the original type informationrecorded on the record medium is different from the type of the realrecord medium. When it has been determined that the record medium is acopied record medium, the copy management information and the copygeneration information are forcedly rewritten corresponding to thepredetermined rule. Thus, copied record mediums that do not comply withthe predetermined rule are not distributed. Thus, the copyright can beprotected.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

As was described above, a record medium, a recording method for a recordmedium, an output controlling method, a reproducing apparatus, a recordand reproduction controlling method, a recording method, a recording andreproducing method, and a recording and/or reproducing method accordingto the present invention are effective for protecting copyright of datathat is copied from a CD format disc to a CD-R or CD-RW format disc.

1. An output controlling method, comprising the steps of: readingcontent data and a plurality of types of management information from arecord medium; the plurality of types of management information providedcorresponding to a plurality of types of record media being embeddedwith the content data, the plurality of types of management informationbeing recorded in a predetermined area of the record medium; extractingthe plurality of types of management information from the content datathat is read from the record medium; collating the plurality of types ofmanagement information that are extracted with the plurality of types ofmanagement information that are read from the record medium; andcontrolling an output of the content data that is read corresponding tothe collated result.
 2. The output controlling method as set forth inclaim 1, wherein when the plurality of management information that isextracted does not match the plurality of types of managementinformation that is read from the record medium, the controlling step isperformed by not permitting the content data that is read from therecord medium to be output.
 3. The output controlling method as setforth in claim 2, wherein when the plurality of types of managementinformation that is extracted match the plurality of types of managementinformation that is read from the record medium, the controlling step isperformed by controlling the output of the content data that is readfrom the record medium corresponding to the plurality of types ofmanagement information that is read from the record medium.
 4. Theoutput controlling method as set forth in claim 3, further comprisingthe step of: determining the type of the record medium, wherein thecontrolling step is performed by controlling the output of the contentdata that is read corresponding to a management condition selectedcorresponding to a management condition selected corresponding to thetype of the record medium determined from the plurality of types ofmanagement information.
 5. A reproducing apparatus for a record medium,comprising: a reading portion for reading content data and a pluralityof types of management information from the record medium, the pluralityof types of management information provided corresponding to a pluralityof types of record media being embedded with the content data, theplurality of types of management information being recoded in apredetermined area of the record medium; an extracting portion forextracting the plurality of types of management information from thecontent data that is read from the record medium by said readingportion; a collating portion for collating the plurality of types ofmanagement information that are extracted by said extracting portionwith the plurality of types of management information that are read fromthe record medium by said reading portion; and an output controllingportion for controlling an output of the content data that is readcorresponding to the collated result by the collating portion.
 6. Thereproducing apparatus for the record medium as set forth in claim 5,wherein when the plurality of management information that is extractedby said extracting portion does not match the plurality of types ofmanagement information that is read from the record medium by saidreading portion, said output controlling portion does not permit thecontent data that is read from the record medium to be output.
 7. Thereproducing apparatus for the record medium as set forth in claim 6,wherein said output controlling portion has a switch circuit portion,and wherein when the collated result of said collating portionrepresents that the plurality of types of management informationextracted by said extracting portion does not match the plurality oftypes of management information that is read from the record medium bysaid reading portion, said switch circuit portion is opened.
 8. Thereproducing apparatus for the record medium as set forth in claim 7,wherein when the collated result of said collating portion representsthat the plurality of types of management information extracted by saidextracting portion match the plurality of types of managementinformation that is read from the record medium by said reading portion,said switch circuit portion is closed and thereby the content data thatis read from the record medium corresponding to the plurality of typesof management information that is read from the record medium is outputthrough said switch circuit portion.
 9. The reproducing apparatus forthe record medium as set forth in claim 5, further comprising: adetermining portion for determining a type of the record mediumcorresponding to a signal that is read from the record medium by saidreading portion, wherein one of the plurality of types of managementinformation that is read from the record medium by said reading portionis selected corresponding to a result determined by said determiningportion, wherein one of the plurality of types of management informationextracted by said extracting portion is selected, and wherein theselected management information is supplied to said collating portion.10. The reproducing apparatus for the record medium as set forth inclaim 9, wherein said determining portion comprises a first determiningportion and said output controlling portion further comprises: a seconddetermining portion for determining a selected management conditioncorresponding to the result determined by said first determiningportion; and a switch circuit portion for controlling the output of thecontent data that is read from the record medium, the open state andclose state of said switch circuit portion being controlled by an outputof said second determining portion.
 11. The reproducing apparatus forthe record medium as set forth in claim 5, wherein said extractingportion comprises first extracting portion and said reading portion has:a head portion for reading the content data and the plurality of typesof management information from the record medium; a demodulating portionfor decoding an output signal of said head portion; a second extractingportion for extracting the plurality of types of management informationfrom output content data of said demodulating portion; and an errorcorrection processing portion for performing an error correcting processfor output content data of said demodulating portion and supplying theresultant output content data to said second extracting portion.
 12. Arecord and reproduction controlling method for a record medium,comprising the steps of: reading content data and a plurality of typesof management information from a record medium, the plurality of typesof management information provided corresponding to a plurality of typesof record media being embedded as additional information to the contentdata, the plurality of types of management information being recoded ina predetermined area of the record medium; extracting the additionalinformation from the content data that is read from the record medium;collating the plurality of types of management information that arecontained in the extracted additional information with the plurality oftypes of management information that are read from the record medium;and controlling an output of the content data that is read correspondingto the collated result.
 13. The record and reproduction controllingmethod for the record medium as set forth in claim 12, wherein when theplurality of management information that is contained in the extractedadditional information does not match the plurality of types ofmanagement information that is read from the record medium, thecontrolling step is performed by not permitting the content data that isread from the record medium to be output.
 14. The record andreproduction controlling method for the record medium as set forth inclaim 13, wherein when the plurality of types of management informationthat are contained in the extracted additional information match theplurality of types of management information that is read from therecord medium, the controlling step is performed by controlling theoutput of the content data that is read from the record mediumcorresponding to the plurality of types of management information thatis read from the record medium.
 15. The record and reproductioncontrolling method for the record medium as set forth in claim 12,further comprising the step of: determining the type of the recordmedium, wherein the controlling step is performed by controlling theoutput of the content data that is read corresponding to a managementcondition selected corresponding to a management condition selectedcorresponding to the type of the record medium determined from theplurality of types of management information.
 16. The record andreproduction controlling method as set forth in claim 15, wherein saidrecording medium comprises a first recording medium and when the contentdata that is read corresponding to the selected management informationis recorded to a second record medium, the controlling step is performedby recording the content data that is read from the record medium andthe plurality of types of management information to the second recordmedium.
 17. A reproducing method for a record medium, comprising thesteps of: determining the type of the record medium, content data and atleast reproduction management information for reproduction-only recordmedia and reproduction management information for recordable recordmedia being recorded to the record medium; and controlling a reproducingoperation corresponding to the management information selectedcorresponding to the reproduction management information selectedcorresponding to the type of the record medium determined from theplurality of types of reproduction management information.
 18. Thereproducing method for the record medium as set forth in claim 17,wherein the controlling step is performed by switching a chargingprocess for the content data that is reproduced corresponding to theselected reproduction management information.
 19. A recording method,comprising the steps of: first determining a type of a record medium, aplurality of types of management information provided corresponding totypes of record media being recorded to the record medium along withcontent data, the plurality of types of management informationcontaining copy management information; secondly determining whether therecord medium is an original record medium corresponding to themanagement information that is read from the record medium and the typeof the record medium determined at the first determining step; and whena result determined at the first determining step represents that therecord medium is an original record medium, controlling a recordingoperation for the content data that is read from the record medium toanother record medium corresponding to the copy management information.20. The recording method as set forth in claim 19, wherein saiddetermining step comprises a first determining step and when themanagement information that is read from the record medium matches thetype of the record medium determined at the first determining step, aresult determined at the second determining step represents that therecord medium is an original record medium.
 21. The recording method asset forth in claim 19, wherein said determining step comprises a firstdetermining step and the recording method further comprises the stepsof: when a result determined at the second determining step representsthat the record medium is not an original record medium, determiningwhether the copy management information permits a copy operation to beperformed in one generation; and when the copy management informationpermits a copy operation to be performed in one generation, advancingthe generation of the copy management information by one, wherein thecontrolling step is performed by controlling the recording operationcorresponding to the copy management information of which the generationhas been advanced by one.
 22. The recording method as set forth in claim21, wherein the controlling step is performed by prohibiting therecording operation corresponding to the copy management information ofwhich the generation has been advanced by one.
 23. The recording methodas set forth in claim 21, wherein when the copy management informationdoes not permit a copy operation to be performed in one generation, thecontrolling step is performed by controlling the recording operationcorresponding to the copy management information.
 24. The recordingmethod as set forth in claim 19, wherein the determining step comprisesa first determining step and the recording method further comprises thestep of: when a result determined at the second determining steprepresents that the record medium is not an original record medium,determining whether the copy management information permits a copyoperation to be performed in one generation; and when the copymanagement information permits the copy operation to be performed in onegeneration, rewriting the copy management information to prohibit a copyoperation, wherein a controlling step is performed by controlling therecording operation corresponding to rewritten copy managementinformation.
 25. A recording method, comprising the steps of: firstdetermining a type of a first record medium, wherein a plurality oftypes of management information corresponding to a plurality of types ofrecord media is recorded on the first record medium, and wherein theplurality of types of management information include identificationinformation, copy generation information, and copy managementinformation; secondly determining whether the first record medium is anoriginal record medium corresponding to the management information thatis read from the first record medium and the type of the first recordmedium determined at the first determining step; and when the resultdetermined at the second determining step represents that the firstrecord medium is an original record medium, advancing the copygeneration information by one and controlling a recording operation forrecording content data that is read the first record medium to a secondrecord medium corresponding to the copy management information.
 26. Therecording method as set forth in claim 25, wherein a controlling step isperformed by controlling the recording operation for the content datathat is read from the first record medium and the management informationthat contains the copy generation information that has been advanced byone generation corresponding to the copy management information.
 27. Therecording method as set forth in claim 26, wherein the seconddetermining step is performed by determining whether the first recordmedium is an original record medium corresponding to a result of thefirst determining step, the identification information, and the copygeneration information.
 28. The recording method as set forth in claim26, wherein when a result determined result at the second determiningstep represents that the first record medium is not an original recordmedium, the controlling step is performed by advancing the copygeneration information by one, wherein when the content data that isread from the first record medium is recorded to the second recordmedium, the controlling step is performed by advancing the copygeneration information by one and performing the recording operation forrecording the resultant copy generation information to the second recordmedium along with the content data that is read from the first recordmedium.
 29. The recording method as set forth in claim 25, wherein themanagement information further contains charging information, andwherein when the content data that is read from the first record mediumis recorded to the second record medium corresponding to the copymanagement information, a controlling step is performed by chargingprocess corresponding to the charging information.
 30. A reproducingmethod, comprising the steps of: first determining a type of a recordmedium, a plurality of types of management information providedcorresponding to a plurality of types of record medias being recorded tothe record medium along with content data; secondly determining whetherthe record medium is an original record medium corresponding to themanagement information that is read from the record medium and the typeof the record medium determined at the first determining step; and whena result determined at the second determining step represents that therecord medium is an original record medium, performing a reproducingoperation for the record medium corresponding to the managementinformation.
 31. The reproducing method as set forth in claim 30,further comprising the step of: when the result determined at the seconddetermining step represents that the record medium is not an originalrecord medium, prohibiting the record medium from being reproduced. 32.The reproducing method as set forth in claim 31, wherein the managementinformation contains copy generation information, and wherein thereproducing method further comprises the step of: when the resultdetermined at the second determining step represents that the recordmedium is not an original record medium, advancing the copy generationinformation by one.
 33. The reproducing method as set forth in claim 31,wherein the management information further contains charginginformation, and wherein the reproducing method further comprises thestep of: when the content data read from the record medium is reproducedcorresponding to the charging information, performing a charging processcorresponding to the charging information.
 34. A recording andreproducing method, comprising the steps of: first determining a type ofa first record medium, wherein a plurality of types of managementinformation corresponding to a plurality of types of record media isrecorded on the first record medium, and wherein the plurality of typesof management information include a copy generation information and copymanagement information; secondly determining whether the first recordmedium is an original record medium corresponding to the managementinformation that is read from the first record medium and the type ofthe record medium at the first determining step; when a resultdetermined at the second determining step represents that the firstrecord medium is an original record medium, reproducing the first recordmedium corresponding to the management information; and advancing thecopy generation information by one and controlling a recording operationfor recording the content data that is read from the first record mediumto a second record medium corresponding to the copy managementinformation.
 35. The recording and reproducing method as set forth inclaim 34, wherein a controlling step is performed by controlling therecording operation for the content data that is read from the firstrecord medium and the management information that contains the copygeneration information that has been advanced by one generationcorresponding to the copy management information.
 36. The recording andreproducing method as set forth in claim 35, wherein the seconddetermining step is performed by determining whether the first recordmedium is an original record medium corresponding to the first recordmedium determined at the first determining step, the identificationinformation, and the copy generation information.
 37. The recording andreproducing method as set forth in claim 34, further comprising the stepof: wherein when the result determined at the second determining steprepresents that the first record medium is not an original recordmedium, prohibiting the first record medium from being reproduced. 38.The recording and reproducing method as set forth in claim 34, whereinwhen the result determined at the second determining step representsthat the first record medium is not an original record medium, thecontrolling step is performed by advancing the copy generationinformation by one and controlling the reproducing operation for thefirst record medium corresponding to the management information, whereinwhen the content data that is read from the first record medium isrecorded to a second record medium, the controlling step is performed byadvancing the copy generation information by one and controlling therecording operation for recording the content data read from the firstrecord medium to the second record medium corresponding to themanagement information.
 39. A recording and/or reproducing method,comprising the steps of: first determining a type of a record medium,wherein the record medium has an identification portion used to identifythe type thereof, management information contains at leastidentification information, the record medium has copy generationinformation, and the record medium has copy management information beingrecorded to the record medium along with content; secondly determiningwhether the record medium is an original record medium corresponding toa result of identifying the record medium, at least the identificationinformation, and the copy generation information that are read from therecord medium; and controlling a recording operation and/or areproducing operation for the record medium corresponding to a resultdetermined at the second determining step.
 40. The recording and/orreproducing method as set forth in claim 39, wherein when the resultdetermined at the second determining step represents that the recordmedium is an original record medium, the controlling step is performedby controlling the reproducing operation for the record mediumcorresponding to the management information.
 41. The recording and/orreproducing method as set forth in claim 39, wherein the record mediumcomprises a first record medium, and wherein when the result determinedat the second determining step represents that the first record mediumis an original record medium, the controlling step is performed byrecording the content data that is read from the first record medium toa second record medium corresponding to the copy management informationand the copy generation information, advancing the copy generation byone, and recording the content data and the resultant copy generationinformation to the second record medium.
 42. The recording and/orreproducing method as set forth in claim 39, wherein when the resultdetermined at the second determining step represents that the recordmedium is not an original record medium, the controlling step isperformed by advancing the copy generation information that is read fromthe record medium by one generation.
 43. The recording and/orreproducing method as set forth in claim 42, wherein the controllingstep is performed by controlling the reproducing operation for therecord medium corresponding to the management information.
 44. Therecording and/or reproducing method as set forth in claim 42, whereinthe controlling step is performed by recording the content data that isread from the first record medium to the second record mediumcorresponding to the copy management information and the copy generationinformation, advancing the generation the copy generation information byone, and recording the content data and the copy generation informationto the second record medium.
 45. The recording and/or reproducing methodas set forth in claim 39, when the result determined at the seconddetermining step represents that the record medium is an original recordmedium, the controlling step is performed by prohibiting the recordmedium from being reproduced.